Education

Addiction is a complex disorder characterized by a strong mental compulsion to use drugs or engage in certain behaviors despite adverse consequences. It can be considered a chronic brain illness that affects the reward system, motivation, and memory. The pathophysiology of addiction involves several key processes, including the brain’s response to rewarding stimuli, the development […]

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and persistent condition that significantly impacts an individual’s daily functioning. Based on cognitive and behavioral theories, the intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors associated with OCD can severely disrupt one’s daily activities, resulting in heightened levels of anxiety and distress. Unfortunately, this disorder often goes undiagnosed […]

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a mental health condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about everyday events and activities. People with GAD often experience persistent and overwhelming anxiety that can interfere with their daily functioning. The symptoms of GAD can include constant worrying about various areas of life, difficulty controlling […]

Eating Disorder Eating disorders are a group of psychological problems in which an individual becomes obsessively preoccupied with food, body weight or body shape. These disorders may become serious in severe situations and can negatively impact the patient’s well-being. As the illness progresses, patients may face several physical and mental challenges that necessitate psychological assistance. […]

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is an intense and persistent fear of being judged, negatively evaluated, or rejected in social or performance situations. It goes beyond everyday nervousness and can significantly interfere with relationships, daily routines, work, school, or other activities. Contents Symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder People […]

Psilocybin Therapy Psilocybin therapy is a psychotherapeutic method guided by a therapist, who uses psilocybin in a monitored and secure manner. Psilocybin is a compound that can alter the state of consciousness and induce hallucinations, as well as heighten emotions and facilitate mystical experiences. While many people may perceive hallucinogenic medications as unconventional, it is […]

Headache is a distressing and prevalent condition characterized by pain in the head or at the top of the neck. The pain is typically described as pressure, throbbing, or a sharp, stabbing sensation, and its severity can range from mild to intense. The duration of headaches varies, with some lasting just a few minutes and […]

Introduction to Microdosing While the experiences of consuming high doses of psilocybin-containing mushrooms have been extensively studied, recent research has focused on a specific therapeutic approach called microdosing. Microdosing involves the regular use of low doses (5 to 10% of the usual dose) of psychoactive (mind-altering) drugs. Contents Microdosing Psilocybin Microdosing Psilocybin  involves the use […]

Introduction to Trauma Trauma, also known as psychological and emotional shock, refers to serious psychological reactions that occur after being exposed to a damaging or stressful event. Trauma is the result of distressing and stress-inducing events that undermine an individual’s sense of safety, leading to feelings of danger and helplessness. Psychological trauma engulfs an individual […]

Definition of Depression Depression is a common mood disorder that affects approximately 5% of adults worldwide. This disorder leads to a continuous feeling of sadness, loss of interest in daily activities, and a decrease in motivation. It can occur due to problems in school, work, or personal life, and can lead to further difficulties in […]

Psilocybin Mushrooms Psilocybin fungi, commonly known as Magic Mushrooms, belong to a group of fungi that contain the compound psilocybin and are also known as hallucinogenic mushrooms. These mushrooms have a long history of human use and hold cultural and spiritual significance in various societies around the world. Understanding the historical importance and cultural use […]

Synthetic biology is a rapidly emerging field encompassing the design and construction of novel biological pathways within microorganisms, as well as the redesign of natural biological systems. The impact of this technology is poised to revolutionize our methods of food production, reshape our dietary choices, and transform the sources of our raw materials and medications. […]

CRISPR is an innovative technology in the field of biotechnology and genetic engineering, serving as a powerful tool for genome editing. This technology, invented by Jennifer Doudna and her colleague Emmanuelle Charpentier, represents a groundbreaking advancement that holds the potential for treating genetic diseases and revolutionizing the field of medicine. Contents How does CRISPR Work? […]

Definition of Cancer Cancer is a  large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and/or spread to other organs. This disease can originate in any part of the human body. […]

Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment The immune system is a complex network of cells, organs, tissues, and proteins that defend the body against different infections. This system can recognize the body’s cells from foreign cells and this feature leads to an attack on the foreign cells like pathogens and cancer cells and their destruction. Observation of […]

The Microbiome and Its Role in Osteoporosis Introduction The microbiome comprises a diverse community of microorganisms that inhabit various parts of the human body, including the intestines, skin, mouth, and other surfaces. This intricate ecosystem encompasses bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other tiny organisms that interact with our bodies and each other. Maintaining a balanced microbiome […]

Microbiome: The Peaceful Coexistence of Microorganisms and Body Cells The human microbiome, or the coexisting microorganisms of humans, refers to all the genes and populations of microbial cells and fungi that live within the host’s body. They play a beneficial role in certain natural bodily functions and are even essential in some cases. The microbiome […]

Understanding Acne and Its Treatment The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that by 2024, approximately 415 million people worldwide will be living with diabetes. This number is expected to grow substantially, reaching around 642 million by 2040. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. There are primarily two types of […]

The Impact of Hypochlorous Acid on Skin Scar Formation Reduction Introduction to Effective Wound Management Effective wound management is crucial in reducing skin scar formation, both preoperatively and postoperatively. Scarring is a common concern for patients and healthcare providers, with approximately 100 million individuals in developed countries developing scars annually from elective surgeries and trauma-related […]

Mpox (Monkeypox) Mpox, commonly known as monkeypox, is a viral infection that can be transmitted between humans and animals. It belongs to the orthopoxvirus genus, which includes other notable viruses such as variola (smallpox), vaccinia, and cowpox. Monkeypox was first identified in 1958 among laboratory monkeys, and the initial human case was documented in 1970 […]

The Gold Standard for Wound and Scar Treatment Introduction to HOCl Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is synthesized within leukocytes through the interaction of chloride ions and hydrogen peroxide, facilitated by the enzyme myeloperoxidase. This compound is recognized for its stability and potent oxidizing properties, serving as a powerful antimicrobial agent deployed by the immune system to […]

Understanding Acne and Its Treatment Acne Treatment Acne vulgaris, commonly referred to as acne, is a widespread dermatological condition affecting millions of people worldwide, particularly adolescents. This skin disorder is marked by the appearance of pimples, including blackheads and whiteheads, as well as cysts. Acne not only has visible physical effects but can also lead […]

Hypochlorous Acid: An Innovative Approach to Oral Health Introduction In recent years, personal hygiene—especially oral and dental care—has gained significant attention. This trend is driven by several factors, including increased public awareness, the expansion of educational initiatives focused on oral hygiene, rising dental treatment costs, and a growing variety of health and personal care products. […]